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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Flooding
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1992-09-03
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the inundation of land that is not normally
covered with water. Flooding from rivers
commonly takes place after heavy rainfall or
in the spring after winter snows have melted.
The river's discharge (volume of water
carried in a given period) becomes too great,
and water spills over the banks onto the
surrounding flood plain. Small floods may
happen once a year - these are called annual
floods and are said to have a one-year return
period. Much larger floods may occur on
average only once every 50 years.
Flooding is least likely to occur in an
efficient channel that is semicircular in
shape (see channel efficiency). Flooding can
also occur at the coast in stormy conditions
(see storm surge) or when there is an
exceptionally high tide. The Thames Flood
Barrier was constructed in 1982 to prevent
the flooding of London from the sea.